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![]() Therefore, as a rule, barrier methods are not recommended for monogamous couples. The risk of infection for a person who has a sexual relationship without protection for 20 years with person infected by the HCV is 2.5%. 11Īs the HCV is rarely present in semen or vaginal fluid, the risk of sexual transmission of the HCV is very small. In married couples, the risk of transmission increases with time, 10 but the effect of common shaving blades has not been determined. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C occurs in less than 5% of cases, 1 but the transmission rate is increased in instances of multiple sexual partners, sex with prostitutes, anal sex, traumatic sex, sex during menstruation, or sex without suitable vaginal lubrication. Transmission is improbable if the source patient has no detectable hepatitis C RNA, but if the viral load of the source patient cannot be established or if the test is positive for HCV RNA, the person who incurred the injury should be examined for HCV and treated if positive. The viral load in the infected person is indicative of the risk of transmission to the uninfected person. Although immunity against the hepatitis B virus can be temporarily boosted by administration of gamma globulin, all that can be done when the potential exists for HCV transmission as a result of accidental puncture is to observe whether the disease develops. 10, 14 The virus may be transmitted to health workers by accidental puncture of the skin the rate of transmission of hepatitis C by this route is lower than that of type B hepatitis but higher than that of HIV. 9 It is more likely that hepatitis will be transmitted from patients to health workers during invasive procedures such as colonoscopy or cardiothoracic surgery. Transmission of hepatitis C from health workers to patients in their care has been reported but is rare. Transmission from health workers to patients. Uncommon risk factors for hepatitis C are: 7, 8 Common risk factors for hepatitis C are:īlood transfusions conducted before 1992,Īccidental puncture with infected needles, Tattoos require special attention because the risk of HCV infection seems to be dependent on the size, number, and site of the tattoos. 4 - 6 Other potential routes by which the HCV may be transmitted include tattooing, the use of intranasal cocaine, body piercing, and accidental injuries with infected needles. Before 1992, when screening of blood donors for hepatitis was introduced, transfusions with blood or products derived from blood increased the risk of transmission of the HCV. The HCV is transmitted by parenteral routes, of which blood transfusion and intravenous administration of drugs are the most frequent. Six genotypes of HCV have been identified philogenetically. The virus consists of a single RNA chain surrounded by an envelope of host membrane into which glycoproteins have been inserted. Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses are members of the Flaviviridae. The virus is present in the blood of three million Americans and is most prevalent in people between 40 and 60 years of age. It is estimated that about four million Americans harbor hepatitis C antibodies. The definitive identification of the hepatitis C genome in 1989 resulted in confirmation that this virus is a worldwide health problem.(1) The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and is one of the principal indications for liver transplantation. Our journal seeks to publish articles on basic clinical care and translational research focused on preventing rather than treating the complications of end-stage liver disease. Topics covered by AoH include alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary diseases, drug-induced liver injury, genetic liver diseases, NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV). AoH publishes editorials, opinions, concise reviews, original articles, brief reports, letters to the editor, news from affiliated associations, clinical practice guidelines and summaries of congresses in the field of Hepatology. It is the official journal of the Mexican Association of Hepatology ( AMH), the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver ( ALEH), the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver ( CASL) and the Czech Society of Hepatology ( CSH). Annals of Hepatology (AoH) is an international, open access journal published bi-monthly with funds from the Fundación Clínica Médica Sur.
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